I look at the couture runways and I never see anyone that looks like Jaslene or Danielle. Actually, they all look like mAnn and Heather.

Crossing Fashion's Thin White Line

Earlier this week, fashion designer Peter Som and casting director Jennifer Venditti stood in his office studying five photos of pale, thin teenage girls with dirty-blond hair.

"Weird," said Mr. Som, scanning the teens in the photos. "They're all the same."

Ms. Venditti, who is hired by designers to cast models for their fashion shows, noted that "there are so many of these types. You could do a whole show with them." She advised Mr. Som to pick no more than two of the five blondes to appear in his fashion show Monday.

Amid recent public criticism about the lack of ethnic diversity on fashion runways, the role of casting director is drawing more attention as New York's fashion week gets under way today. In the past, designers chose the models themselves. But now that designers are required to produce multiple collections, make media appearances and court celebrities, the job of casting director is usually outsourced to specialists like Ms. Venditti. Her specialty: navigating models' competing schedules, negotiating with frantic designers and fighting with agents.

Bethann Hardison, a former model who has been organizing efforts to raise awareness about the lack of color among runway models, says the growing power of casting directors, many of whom cast multiple shows, is part of the problem. "Everybody gets into this Stepford Wives mentality," says Ms. Hardison, a black woman who modeled in the '70s, when there was a big demand for black models. She notes that designers now all are looking to hire many of the same models, who tend to be white and very thin.

Line of models on the runway at Calvin Klein's show in New York last fall

In response to the recent exposure of the issue in the media after Ms. Hardison's efforts, the Council of Fashion Designers of America has been lobbying designers to hire a broader range of models this fashion week. In a letter sent to designers, modeling agents and casting directors on Jan. 9, CFDA President Diane von Furstenberg encouraged industry players to create fashion shows "that are truly multicultural" and to embrace "whole groups of people no matter their race or color," according to a copy of the letter. Steven Kolb, the CFDA's executive director, said, "We are reminding people of positive behavior."

Just who is responsible for diversity on the runway depends on whom you ask. Casting directors say they work for the designers, so if the designers decide ethnic models don't fit their aesthetic, they don't hire them. Designers gripe that they would use more minority models, but the agencies don't send any "good" ones. And the modeling agencies say they aren't scouting and developing many minority models because the market hasn't been demanding their services.

A designer's goal with an expensive fashion show is to keep attention on his or her clothes, not the models. That's why, many designers privately explain, they don't like to hire distinctive-looking models, either ethnically or otherwise. But the public concern has put so much pressure on the industry that some say they have to change.

"The tricky thing about this business is that [designers and casting directors] can always say it's a matter of personal and aesthetic freedom," says Roman Young, an agent at Elite Model Management. "You wonder, 'Are they racist or are they just dumb?'" Mr. Young says he hasn't been aggressively scouting models of color because, until now, designers haven't demanded them. Very young, newly scouted models are highly in demand every season since the market likes fresh, unknown faces.

African-American models like Iman and Naomi Campbell broke through the race barrier long ago. And several Asian, Latina and black models routinely appear on the runways. Chanel Iman, a 16-year-old black model, is particularly in demand this season.

Female student, right center, with Kate Moss

But nearly everyone in the fashion industry acknowledges that minority representation on the runways, as well as in high-fashion advertising, doesn't approximate the general population. The lack of minorities in high fashion contrasts with a noticeable increase in the casting of ethnic models in print and TV commercials, as well as in television and movies.

For casting director Ms. Venditti, the recent conversations about ethnicity have emboldened her to push harder for diversity this season. When one of her client's stylists said she didn't need to book a second black model because they already had one, Ms. Venditti says she told her, "They're both beautiful. Why can't you have two?"

At Mr. Som's casting call this week, he explained that his fall collection was inspired by the social outcasts captured in the photographs of Diane Arbus. He was seeking models with a "loopy and loony" vibe, he said.

After casting the two blondes, Mr. Som asked Ms. Venditti how many ethnic models were on the roster. She told him there were four -- two black and two Asian -- out of a then-selected cast of 18. "I do not want an all-white cast," he says. "But there's always room for improvement."

Ms. Venditti, now 35 years old, once modeled in a fashion show for the local Saks Fifth Avenue near where she grew up. But when a scout from the John Casablancas modeling school began calling her house and leaving messages, she never returned the calls, explaining now that she preferred to be in charge of shaping the image, not the image itself. She moved to New York, working first at KCD, a fashion-show production company and then as a free-lance stylist.

She started her own company, JV8 Inc., in 1998. For her first casting job, she found a homeless woman and a local band for a photo shoot in W magazine. Advertisers like Gap and Benetton began calling to request her services.

Ms. Venditti quickly developed a reputation for finding unusual characters for modeling jobs. For a photo shoot in Detroit, fashion photographer Bruce Weber asked Ms. Venditti to bring him a local guy to appear alongside supermodel Kate Moss in a fashion spread for W magazine's September 2006 issue. Ms. Venditti camped outside a high-school prom at Detroit's Lewis Cass Technical High School. The following morning, she presented Mr. Weber with photos of a tall Puerto Rican student in a tuxedo. "I thought, 'Wow, this guy is so beautiful,'" Mr. Weber recalls. When Ms. Venditti informed him that the student was a female, Mr. Weber decided to use her in the shoot instead of a young man.

As for whether the industry will ever change, Ms. Venditti says it's all about whether racial diversity becomes the latest fashion trend. "In general, [the industry] is a bunch of followers," she says. But "the conversation has started."

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Black Fashion Industry Insiders Ask: Where Are The Black Models?

Now that fashion week is over, today's WWD poses a question: Where were the black models? "Everyone is always talking about the weight issue," photographer and America's Next Top Model judge Nigel Barker says. "I think they should be talking about race." Barker says that the celebrity designers -- not the ready-to-wear or couture ones -- are willing to use a wider range of models. And, in our experience, it was the "outsider" shows, not held in the tents -- Baby Phat/KLS, Heatherette -- in which we saw black (and Asian) women walking the runway. Last Friday, at a panel discussion called "The Lack of the Black Image in Fashion Today," WWD reports that Bethann Hardison, a former model and founder of casting company Bethann Management, says "In the United States of America, this is the one industry that still has the freedom to refer to people by their color and reject them in their work. I came up in the Sixties. I feel it's the worst it's ever been."

The underrepresentation of black women on the runway comes despite the fact that, according to estimates by Targetmarketnews.com, black women alone spend more than $20 billion on apparel each year.

And though there is a lack of black models, designers and photographers, there is a noticeable increase in Asian models, designers and executives in the industry, says WWD.

Of the 101 shows and presentations posted on Style.com, 31 appear to have no black models. Most of those who did use black models opted for one or two. However, Heatherette, Diane von Furstenberg, Charles Nolan, Tracy Reese, Yigal Azrouël, Philip Lim, Marc Jacobs, Jenni Kayne and Sue Stemp were among the designers who used more than two. Heatherette, von Furstenberg and Lam each opened their shows with a black model. In fact, von Furstenberg closed her show with the opening girl, too, and the first 10 models at Heatherette appeared to be women of color.

Naomi Campbell, who flew in from London for the panel discussion, recalled how Christy Turlington once told Dolce & Gabbana, "If you don't use Naomi, you don't get us," referring to herself and Linda Evangelista. Designer Tracy Reese, who is black, was also on the panel. She said that her booker has to request certain (black) models, otherwise the agencies will not send them.

Cosmetics industry mogul Iman said she felt strongly about organizing a union for models, noting it's the only huge industry that does not have one. "Models don't have a union. They don't have a voice. No one speaks for them. Thank God I'm not a model anymore."

Not one to let a subject like this pass her by, Tyra Banks is working on a segment for her show about race in the fashion industry, according to Fashionista. Chanel Iman, who opened the Heatherette show (and was sort of on the cover of Vogue) will be a guest on the Tyra's program.

The defense of designers who opt for girls who all look alike is often that they want the focus to be on the clothes and not the models. But when a designer sends out a collection on a runway, he or she is offering up a vision of an ideal world. However you feel about the fashion industry or modeling itself, is it not disturbing that so many designers consider a perfect world to be one without any black people?

http://jezebel.com/gossip/black-%26-blue/black-fashion-industry-insiders-ask-where-are-the-black-models-300452.php